Australia’s driver licensing system is designed to keep roads safe while ensuring drivers gain experience gradually. From learner permits to full licences, each stage comes with rules that drivers must follow. In 2025, new updates—especially for overseas licence holders—are reshaping how driving privileges are managed across states and territories.
How the Graduated Licensing System Works
Australia follows a Graduated Licensing System (GLS). This system gives new drivers the chance to build skills over time before obtaining full, unrestricted driving privileges.
Stages of Licensing
- Learner Permit (L-Plates): Supervised driving with required minimum hours.
- Provisional Licences (P1 and P2): Limited driving rights with restrictions on speed, passengers, and vehicle type.
- Full Licence: Granted after meeting age and experience requirements.
Licensing Age and Restrictions by State
| Jurisdiction | Learner Age | Min. Supervised Hours | P1 Age | P2 Age | Full Licence Age |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACT | 15y 9m | 100 hrs (under 25) | 17 | 18 | 20 |
| NSW | 16 | 120 hrs (under 25) | 17 | 18 | 20 |
| Victoria | 16 | 120 hrs (under 21) | 18 | 19 | 22 |
| WA | 16 | 50 hrs (under 25) | 17 | 17.5 | 19 |
New Rules for Overseas Licence Holders
From April 30, 2025, Australia is phasing out the Experienced Driver Recognition program, which previously allowed drivers from certain countries to convert their licences without testing.
What Changes in 2025?
- Overseas drivers from countries like South Korea, Hong Kong, Taiwan, South Africa, and parts of Europe must now undergo training and testing.
- Visitors can still use their overseas licence for 3–6 months, provided it is valid and in English (or accompanied by an International Driving Permit).
- Long-term residents must convert their overseas licence under the new rules.
Restrictions for Learners and Provisional Drivers
Provisional (P-plate) drivers face stricter rules to ensure safety.
Common restrictions include:
- Driving below the posted speed limit in some states.
- Passenger limits, especially late at night.
- No use of mobile devices, including hands-free.
- Bans on driving high-powered vehicles.
- Lower demerit point thresholds compared to full licence holders.
Breaking these rules can lead to suspension, fines, or delays in progressing to the next licence stage.
FAQs
1. Can I drive in Australia with an overseas licence?
Yes. Visitors can drive with a valid overseas licence for up to 3–6 months. If it’s not in English, you’ll need an International Driving Permit.
2. When does the Experienced Driver Recognition program end?
It ends on April 30, 2025, in most states. Queensland and Western Australia have slightly later deadlines.
3. Do I need to take a test to convert my overseas licence?
Yes, from May 2025, most overseas licence holders must pass a knowledge and/or practical driving test.
4. What restrictions apply to provisional licence holders?
Restrictions include lower speed limits, passenger caps, stricter mobile phone rules, and vehicle power limits.
5. What happens if I break the rules as a learner or P-plate driver?
You risk fines, demerit points, or suspension, which may delay your path to a full licence.
Conclusion
Australia’s driver licensing laws are designed to protect all road users while giving drivers time to build confidence and skills. With major changes arriving in 2025—particularly for overseas licence conversions—both residents and visitors should stay informed. Whether you’re learning to drive, holding a P-plate, or converting an overseas licence, knowing the rules will keep you safe and legally compliant on Australian roads.